Insights & Research
Exploring emerging concepts, biological interfaces and interdisciplinary approaches in modern medicine.
Rhinophthalmology
Abstract ABSTRACT Background The nasal and ocular systems are anatomically distinct regions, but they do not function as completely isolated biological systems. The nasolacrimal system , trigeminal sensory pathways, autonomic neural regulation, lacrimal secretion, the eyelids, tear film, and ocular surface participate in already documented anatomical and physiological relationships [1–15]. The Lacrimal Functional Unit (LFU) […]
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THE BIOLOGICAL INTERFACE PRINCIPLE
Abstract ABSTRACT Modern biology and medicine organize a substantial part of their knowledge around molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and biological networks. At the same time, different scientific disciplines have highlighted the functional significance of specific biological interfaces: organelle interfaces, cell–cell interfaces, epithelium–environment interfaces, neurovascular interfaces, maternal–fetal interfaces, host–microbiome interfaces, tissue–tissue interfaces, and […]
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Dermophthalmology: The Skin–Eyelid–Ocular Surface Interface and a New Integrative Framework for Ocular Surface Disease
Dermophthalmology (Dermophthalmology) is an emerging interdisciplinary field of medicine that examines the functional relationship between the facial skin, eyelids, eyelashes, meibomian glands, tear film and the ocular surface. This field is based on the observation that many ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye, blepharitis, and meibomian gland dysfunction, are not isolated ocular disorders, but […]
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Pre-Ocular Surface Disease Stage (POSD)
A Dermophthalmology Framework Linking Skin Barrier Dysfunction to Ocular Surface Instability John Tsakalos¹, on behalf of the World Organization of Dermophthalmology (WOD) initiative and scientific working group ¹ Breath Purity, Dermophthalmology Research Initiative, Athens, Greece. Abstract Ocular surface disease (OSD) is traditionally defined and managed as a clinically manifest condition characterized by tear film instability, […]
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Functional OpticalHomeostasis – FOHM
Functional Optical Homeostasis (FOHM) A Unifying Dermophthalmologic Framework for Ocular Surface–Driven Visual Variability WOD Position Paper No. 1 (2026) Title: Functional Optical Homeostasis (FOHM) Type: Scientific Consortium Position Paper / Conceptual–Translational Framework Scope: Dermophthalmology (Eye–Skin Axis / Ophthalmoderma) Status: Consensus Draft for Internal Scientific Review (Version 1.0) Correspondence: WOD Scientific Secretariat (email to be added) […]
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The Ocular Surface–Brain Connectivity Model
Dry eye disease has traditionally been treated as a localized condition of the ocular surface, centered on tear film instability and meibomian gland inflammation. However, the frequent mismatch between clinical signs and patient-reported symptoms, along with comorbidity with neurological pain syndromes, led the WOD (World Organization of Dermophthalmology) Scientific Working Group — drawing on experts […]
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Cataract Beyond the Lens
Cataract Beyond the Lens How the Ocular Ecosystem Shapes Eye Aging. A Dermophthalmology Position Paper on the Relationship Between the Ocular Surface, Eyelids, Chronic Inflammation, and Cataract Cataract Beyond the Lens presents a new systems-based approach to understanding cataract and ocular aging. Rather than viewing cataract exclusively as a disorder of the crystalline lens, the […]
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Dermophthalmology: Redefining the Tear Film as a Unifying Optical and Biological Interface
The Tear Film as a Unifying Optical and Biological Interface ABSTRACT Background Visual discomfort, intermittent blurred vision, ocular fatigue, and ocular-surface symptoms are increasingly common in modern populations, often in the absence of overt structural abnormalities. Despite major advances in ophthalmology, dermatology, and ocular-surface science, these phenomena remain incompletely explained within existing […]
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Headache Beyond the Brain
Peripheral Trigeminal Input, Ocular Surface Dysfunction, and the Sensory Load Model in Chronic Headache Version 1.0 Publication Date: March 2026 Athens – Greece WOD.global – World Organization of Dermophthalmology Abstract Introduction Headache is one of the most prevalent and disabling neurological symptoms worldwide. Despite major advances in neuroimaging and in the neurovascular understanding […]
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From Isolated Ophthalmic Entities to the Pathological Spectrum
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Classical Ophthalmology relies on binary diagnostic models that inadequately describe the temporal and functional evolution of disease. Many ocular “conditions” represent stages within a continuous pathological spectrum (continuum), not independent entities. Blepharitis, MGD, dry eye disease, and chalazion are different expressions along the same pathological trajectory. Disease does not “reside” solely within the […]
Read ArticleBiological Interface Principle
A proposed framework for understanding biological interfaces as dynamic functional units involved in homeostasis, adaptation, dysregulation and disease.